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Functional genomics studies of oocyte competence: evidence that reduced transcript abundance for follistatin is associated with poor developmental competence of bovine oocytes

¹ Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, ² Molecular Reproductive Endocrinology Laboratory, ³ Center for Animal Functional Genomics, ⁴ Departments of Animal Science and ⁵ Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and ⁶ Department of Animal Science and Centre for Integrative Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

Correspondence should be addressed to G W Smith; Email: smithge7{at}msu.edu

Poor oocyte competence contributes to infertility in humans and livestock species. The molecular characteristics of such oocytes are generally unknown. Objectives of the present studies were to identify differences in RNA transcript abundance in oocytes and early embryos associated with reduced oocyte competence and development to the blastocyst stage. Microarray experiments were conducted using RNA isolated from germinal vesicle stage oocytes collected from adult versus prepubertal animals (model of poor oocyte competence). A total of 193 genes displaying greater mRNA abundance in adult oocytes and 223 genes displaying greater mRNA abundance in prepubertal oocytes were detected. Subsequent gene ontology analysis of microarray data revealed significant overrepresentation of transcripts encoding for genes in hormone secretion classification within adult oocytes and such genes were selected for further analysis. Real-time PCR experiments revealed greater abundance of mRNA for ßA and ßB subunits of inhibin/activin and follistatin, but not the subunit in germinal vesicle stage oocytes collected from adult versus prepubertal animals. Cumulus cell follistatin and ßB subunit mRNA abundance were similar in samples collected from prepubertal versus adult animals. A positive association between time of first cleavage (oocyte competence) and follistatin mRNA abundance was noted. Follistatin, ßB, and subunit mRNAs were temporally regulated during early bovine embryogenesis and peaked at the 16-cell stage. Collectively, results demonstrate a positive association of follistatin mRNA abundance with oocyte competence in two distinct models and dynamic regulation of follistatin, ßB, and subunit mRNAs in early embryos after initiation of transcription from the embryonic genome.

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